Social Control and Symbolic Interactionism in Literature...

Social Control and Symbolic Interactionism in Literature The way in which social order is achieved has been the subject of many theories presented by respectable sociologists such as Emile Durkheim, Thomas Hobbes, George Herbert Mead, and Karl Marx. Among the most prominent of these theories are Hobbes’ â€Å"Social Control† theory and Meads’ â€Å"Symbolic Interactionism† theory. Through these two theories, it is possible to gain a better understanding of how social order can be achieved. The social control theory of Thomas Hobbes has five basic premises to it. The first premise is that humans are egotistical beings that will do anything to fulfill their wants and desires. The second premise is based on the idea that because humans†¦show more content†¦Most human beings continually strive to achieve goals that they perceive as valuable. This theory is best illustrated by American culture where competitiveness and the drive for escalation in social status is apparent in just about everyone. American colleges and universities are often the breeding ground of competitiveness for jobs after graduation. By looking at the large number of students enrolled in secondary education, it can be seen that many Americans choose to receive schooling in hopes of making more money and gaining an elevated social status. The second premise of Hobbes’ theory is where he seems he contradicts himself. The contradiction comes from him saying that deviance and crime are human nature, and then in his fifth premise saying that members’ adhere to societal norms because they fear a horrible and painful physical or social death. If the fifth premise were true, then no one would commit crimes or become deviant, which contradicts the second premise of deviance and crime should be expected. The fifth premise also seems invalid because it does not account for the vast number of criminals that are in jail or that have been executed. Obviously, the fear of social or physical death did not stop the large number of inmates that are flowing though the American criminal justice system. It does explain though, why those who are not in jail chose to follow societal norms. Most would agree that theShow MoreRelatedSymbolic Interactionsim1477 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONSIM Abstract Since the beginning of Symbolic Interactionsim, when George Herbert Mead coined the theory, despite its lack of official information, anyone who studies the theory can see how it relates and is true to most, if not all human beings and the culture that they derive from. In this paper, it will discuss the theory; provide examples from people who have studied this specific theory more in depth, asRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1745 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Violence in Literature Domestic violence entails transgressions that tend to exhibit regular occurrence worldwide. Domestic violence is substantially attributable to the psychological, physical, mental, and sexual forms of suffering or anguish. Domestic violence further refers to the family violence or spousal abuse that defines the evident pattern of violent behaviors executed by one spouse to the other in the close affiliations that include courtships, matrimony, family, or individualsRead MoreThe Creative Process Of Art Therapy2442 Words   |  10 Pagesconcepts of Trauma-Informed verbal therapies, a rising trend in trauma treatments. This paper will explore Trauma-informed Art therapy, and how it may be a developmentally appropriate treatment for young children who have experienced trauma, and how social workers can incorporate this intervention into their practice. What is Trauma-Informed Art Therapy? Trauma-informed therapies are a current trend in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder, children in foster care, and other clients experiencingRead MoreDoes Gender Play A Role?1596 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent estimations suggest that 82% to 95% of Americans have had pre-marital intercourse (Renfrow and Bruce, 2014). To understand why an individual (male or female) will choose to have sex, all underlying factors must be examined. Pre-marital sex is a social issue. The cultural ‘norm’ that once existed has changed. Prior to the twentieth century, sexual activity before marriage was not socially acceptable (Bogle, 2008). Communities and families monitored the sexual behavior of unmarried persons to ensureRead MoreSociological Reflection1258 Words   |  6 Pagesof the study of sociology. However, sociology is much deeper than just the study of sociology. It displays a plethora of sub topics such as: crime, deviance, bureaucracy, culture, criminality, socializatio n, economy, politics, religion, education, social class and many more. Throughout this fall semester this sociology course has taught me things that I could never imagine. To be more specific there were actually ten topics that I learned in this course that was very important to me. Those topicsRead MoreInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs?3113 Words   |  13 Pagesthese gangs. Sociological approaches are made in order to accompany these people’s decisions and to make sense of their judgment. Taking this information and research into consideration may direct future research on the aspects and decisions of social citizens in which influence them to join and be a part of a street gang. What is a Gang? In both, everyday life and the sociological world, the term â€Å"gang† is defined in many different ways; however, every altered definition is fairly similar orRead MoreMethods Critique And Comparison : Enhancing Caregiver Outcomes Of Palliative Care, By Mccorkle And Pasacreta1665 Words   |  7 Pagestheory (Polit, 2012) methodology consisting of a literature review combined with their own research to create a framework of coded data. That data were then categorized into defining the problem, determining the needs of the caregiver and defining intervention strategies. The advantage of this method is that the hypothesis can conceptualize the theory because the coded data collected defined that theory. In other words, the data from the various literature and personal research supported the McCorkleRead MoreThe Founding And Development Of The Sociology Of Youth2050 Words   |  9 Pagesworkers employed in production† (2009:23) as presented by I. Ianzhaul A. Bernshtei n-Kogan. Social scientist involved in the development of the study of youth proposed the idea of establishing â€Å"theoretical conceptions of social development of young people† (2009:26) so society would better understand youth and their actions. This development would involve communicative rationality, which allowed social scientist to address the underlying issues faced by youth, who at the time were unable to speakRead MoreThe Epistemology Of The Decision Making Process Of Burglars1629 Words   |  7 Pagesand Henry, 2004). In a widest sense, Criminological approach comprises â€Å"the study of various forms of crime, offenders, formulation of laws, various processes of law enforcement and criminal justice, policy and practice in punishment, attempts to control, reduce or prevent crime, investigation of the victims of crime† (Coleman and Norris, 2000, pp. 13). The decision making process of the offenders and the factors that affect their decisions gain popularity among researchers. However, as Wright andRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society861 Words   |  4 Pages Most assumption are being based off of what they see and hear on the television, social networks and on the radio because its mainly one side stories or one bashing of individuals. People do not take the time to go in-depth about the situation being inaccurately displayed at times. Sociologist is beginning to realize the effect of mass media has on society especially the younger generation. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Patrick Daley explained from a sociology point of view that Ferrarotti’s believe society

Eating Christmas in the Kalahari - 906 Words

The sources of cultural misunderstanding made by the anthropologists in the readings from Spradley and McCurdy are affected by many factors including naive realism, culture shock and fully understanding what is culturally and ethically appropriate. Naive realism is the belief that people see the world in the same way, and culture shock is a condition of confusion and feelings of loneliness and anxiety experienced by someone suddenly entering a new culture. Eating Christmas in the Kalahari by Richard Lee is a perfect example of naive realism. Lee thought that Christmas would be seen throughout the world in a similar manner. As Lee stated, individual who celebrate this holiday feel Christmas is supposed to be the day of†¦show more content†¦Anthropologists then, write ethnographies which are first hand detailed description of a living culture. Often anthropologists will find individuals within the society who are willing to become informants. Even though informan ts can be very helpfully, they often hold bias views about their culture. Some anthropologist must learn new and sometimes unwritten languages and this may require extra training. An anthropologists class, race, gender, language, dress, religion, and age, all effect how he/she will be interpreted by the local people.(Cultural Anthropology pg31). Each step in anthropological research brings about dilemmas common to any human interaction, engagement versus detachment, subjectivity versus objectivity, particularization versus generalization, induction versus deduction(Fieldwork, Ethnography and Ethics in Anthropology). On many occasions, the anthropologist will leave their projects, with a new found respect and begin to question their own cultures. For example Lila Abu Lughod, an anthropologist was accompanied by her father to Cairo for he knew and understood how a young unmarried woman would look within his culture. She would have been considered untrustworthy and living within a family where the males in her life have no concern for her well being. Sometimes as the researcher is familiarizing his/her self with the subjects, she may become acculturated and begin to see herself as a member of the group.Show MoreRelatedEating Christmas in the Kalahari1096 Words   |  5 PagesEating Christmas in the Kalahari Eating Christmas in the Kalahari is an intriguing article written by Richard Borshay Lee. In the article, Lee tells of his time working as an anthropologist in the Kalahari and studying the hunting and gathering subsistence economy of the !Kung Bushmen. Lee (1969) writes: The Bushmen’s idea of the Christmas story, stripped to its essentials, is â€Å"praise the birth of white man’s god-chief†; what keeps their interest in the holiday high is the Tswana-Herero customRead MoreEating Christmas in Kalahari Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesEating Christmas in the Kalahari Alec Smith Ivy Tech Community College Sociology 111 November 8, 2014 Confusion in Cultures The perception of foreign cultures can at times be quite peculiar. The article â€Å"Eating Christmas in Kalahari† by Richard Borshay Lee, foretells a classic example of cross culture misunderstanding when people from different cultures operate in a culturally unfamiliar environment. Richard Lee, a social anthropologist, explains what he learned living with the !Kung BushmenRead MoreSociology Paper 2893 Words   |  4 PagesLee’s Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Page 1 My View of Lee’s Eating Christmas in the Kalahari A Lynn Byrne My View of Lee’s Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Page 2 Abstract My view of the bushmen teaching humility in their Christmas practice is contained in this paper based on the information gleaned from Lee’s article Eating Christmas in theRead MoreChristmas in Kalahari Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari† by anthropologist Richard Lee demonstrates many more concepts in sociology. In the article Lee is doing fieldwork in the Kalahari desert observing the hunting and gathering practices among the !Kung (Ju/’hoansi). Lee experiences many times of cultural misunderstandings related to naà ¯ve realism, cultural shock, and also not fully understanding what is culturally and ethically appropriate. He learns a very valuable lesson when, in his eyes, has a perfect idea forRead MoreEssay about Etic vs. Emic Approaches in Anthropology1697 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch should be used in the field. Cultural anthropology should focus on a joint permutation on both the etic and emic-oriented research styles t o produce the most useful results because of the advantages and disadvantages both contain. â€Å"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari,† â€Å"Shakespeare in the Bush,† and â€Å"Instructor’s Notes: Emic and Etic† are all intelligent sources that have helped lead me to the conclusion that a joint permutation of etic and emic is best for doing research in the field. This paperRead MoreCultural Anthropology : Human Nature1241 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpretation and experience. The article â€Å"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari† showcases the level of difficulty for Richard Lee to set aside his own beliefs and emerge into a culture other than his own. Simultaneously, the article depicts how personal interpretations can interfere between people. For North Americans like myself and Lee, Christmas is sought to be a time of joy and happiness where family and friends unite. It is often easy to forget that Christmas is not celebrated universally and is ratherRead More Humility Among the Kung! Essay704 Words   |  3 Pagesmethods. Such was the case with Ontah, the anthropologist in the story, â€Å"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari.† As an expression of gratitude towards the !Kung Bushmen and there families for there cooperation, Ontah purchased the largest meatiest ox he could find for the Christmas festivities. After living with the !Kung Bushmen for three years, with experience and observation of the Tswana-Herrero custom of slaughtering an ox for Christmas, makes it apparent that Ontah’s ox was not the choice of a novice.Read MoreNanda and Warms, Bodley, Lee Study Guide1662 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology 03 Readings- Nanda and Warms:   Chapters 1-3,5 Bodley: Chapters 1-2 Lee: entire book (including Appendix A and B) Videos:   â€Å"First Contact† â€Å"Bushmen of the Kalahari† â€Å"N!ai†Ã‚   Topics: Concept of culture- The learned, symbolic, at least partially adaptive and ever-changing patterns of behavior and meaning shared by members of a group. - Almost all behavior is learned - Cultural norms and values are shared by people - All Cultures change Pidgin English- A simplified languageRead MoreDumplings’ Symbolic Significance in Chinese Culture and My Life875 Words   |  4 Pagessince I came to US. I spend Spring Festival with my friends last year. We made a great dinner and many dumplings together to celebrate the most important holiday of the year. Like the customer for Christmas that people usually buy gift for their family members, the heart of Spring Festival is making and eating dumplings. Carrier indicates that the gift creates problems â€Å"because the objects people confront in such societies overwhelmingly are impersonal commodities. And because these objects are impersonal

Educational Psychology The Life History of Leta Stetter Hollingworth example Essay Example For Students

Educational Psychology: The Life History of Leta Stetter Hollingworth example Essay i. One of the most ignored innovators of educational psychology, Leta Stetter Hollingworth has immensely impacted our knowledge pertaining to children with exceptionalities. ii. Leta Hollingworth was born on May 25, 1886 in Dawes County Nebraska to Margaret Elinor Danley and John George Stetter (Silverman, 1992). Being the oldest of three sisters, Hollingworth’s mother died after giving birth to her. iii. Leta Hollingworth was born was born May 25, 1886 in Dawes County, Nebraska and died November 27, 1939. iv. Leta lived no ordinary childhood. She faced many hardships after her mother’s death; one being the disappearance of her father, leaving his children with their mothers parents. Hollingworth grew up on her grandparent’s farm until her father returned ten years later to reclaim his daughters. Leta’s father, now re-married to a woman named Fanny Berling, forced his children to live with their soon to be stepmother in Valentine, Nebraska. Berling was both verbally and physically abusive towards her stepchildren due to alcoholism being common amongst her family (Silverman, 1992). At the young age of 15, Leta graduated Valentine high school where she escaped and started a new life at the University of Nebraska. v.In 1906, Hollingworth received her Bachelor of Arts degree and became certified as a teacher in Nebraska. While attending the University of Nebraska, Hollingworth met her soon to be future husband, Harry L. Hollingworth. They got married and moved to New York City in December 31, 1908 (Silverman, 1992). She had no luck in finding a job in New York due to the fact that no schools were interested in hiring a married woman. She became frustrated and depressed after being out of work. A financial burden was placed . . e of fifty-three, leaving her unfinished research with Harry Hollingworths. Leta’s most notable contributions to educational psychology in regards to giftedness was the publication of, Gifted Children: Their Nature and Nurture in 1926. Hollingworth was a strong believer that the social environment a child is brought up in has more of an impact on their development in comparison to their genetics. The opportunities and styles of education presented to a child highly influence a child’s behaviors and development. Works CitedSilverman, L. (). Leta Stetter Hollingworth: Champion of the Psychology of Women and Gifted Children . Journal of Educational Psychology , 84, 20-27.Plucker, D. J. (2013, January 1). Human Intelligence: Leta Stetter Hollingworth. Human Intelligence: Leta Stetter Hollingworth. Retrieved , from http://www.intelltheory.com/lhollingworth.shtml

Effective Managers Importance in Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Effective Managers Importance In Business? Answer: Introduction Effective managers are importance in a business, and their work is seen all over the organization starting from the way they solve conflicts and ensuring that employees have achieved their goals. Additionally, global readiness index helps in rating the business to show how the business is performing compared to other businesses. Managerial assumption helps to explain that employees should work under little supervision since they are self-motivated to perform their work. Also, time management is significant in hitting targets at the right time, and emotional intelligence helps employees to work together in groups and be flexible to various changes which happen in business. I used to ignore the work of a manager in a business, and I thought a business should only have the director and the employees for it to be complete. I have to admit that I despised the work of managers to the point that I never saw their importance whether they were the presence or not and I thought all organizations should do away with them. Being in a management class changed my thoughts completely and started analyzing their work one by one. Did I see their importance? The answer here is yes. Effective managers help in various ways in business by reviewing the performance of each employee which helps them improve their productivity. For instance, most business review performance appraisal for every employee which is issued by the managers where they are able to see their work for a particular period, and this helps them increase their productivity next time. Additionally, managers also ensure that conflicts are solved in the right way and fairly in the department. After I had learned about the importance of effective managers, global readiness index was the other area that I had to learn and analyze its importance. In this area, I saw that it was important for a business to analysis its performance and where it lies compared to other businesses in the globe. It is importance for the business to provide the rating pieces so that the customers may rate their services which help the business to work on areas that employees do not deliver quality services (Parasuraman and Colby, 2015, p. 72). The importance of global index is that when the business is rated according to its performance and compared to other businesses, it gives the business a chance to improve and see the competition that lies behind it. For instance, businesses such as banks are able to provide the rating sheets where customers fill in how they view the services of business with honesty. Following my lessons in class, the managerial assumption was the other area of the management self-test, and at first, I never understood this area clearly until I read about theory X and theory Y which was founded by Douglas McGregor. He suggested that theory X which was founded more on management theory that was classical and assumed that employees should have maximum supervision because employees are intrinsically lazy. Contract to theory X, theory Y suggested that employees are self- motivated, ambitious and it drew attention to Maslows hierarchy of needs. Both saw human motivation and behavior as the major significance in maximizing production in the organization (Grbz, ?ahin and Kksal, 2014, p. 1902). I agree with Douglas that theory Y is superior. The importance of letting employees free to perform their duties without a lot of supervision is that everyone has needs which are the driving force towards working and this leads to increasing the productivity of the company as they try to satisfy their needs. For instance, most businesses allow employees to have less supervision where they work and control themselves to hit their targets. In time management profile, I have to agree that I know time management is importance but I am sure that most time people do not know how to manage time including myself. Time management is significant in many ways, and people fail to hit deadlines because of poor time management. The reason why managing time is importance is because time is limited and every employee should look for ways to manage the limited time so as to accomplish a lot of work and hit deadlines at the right time. For example, businesses have always trained employees how to manage their time to ensure that they hit targets which result to high productivity in the company. I admit that I have tried to manage my time even in class and it is a great idea because I have managed to achieve more with less effort and it minimizes the essence of losing momentum in class. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN Name .. Student Number .. In order to reach your goals, what behaviors will you Stop, Minimise, Keep Doing, do More of and which will you Start? SKILL STOP MINIMISE KEEP DOING DO MORE START 1 Communication Issuing orders and ignoring other peoples opinion Giving late feedbacks in a certain idea Communicating when there is a problem Communicating more to avoid conflicts Listening to other peoples opinion 2 Teamwork Selecting the group of people, I should join to be with my friends Social-loafing Working before hitting deadlines Working hard to hit targets earlier Joining any group of people with great focus 3 Learning Ignoring revising what I know Overconfidence Learning new ideas Curiosity of learning new information Revising what I already know 4 Time management Waiting until deadline to do the work Piling work Reporting to work early Reporting to work early to hit deadlines Working with deadlines 5 Problem solving Making quick decision without looking at the consequences Undermining other peoples opinion Asking for help for professionals Asking for more help from others and their opinion Making decisions after analyzing the whole idea. Emotional intelligence is an important area in the organization and to general life setting. Personally, I view emotional intelligence as the base of all activities that take place in the organization because a lot of concepts are driven by our emotions and the way we control them. Some of the importance of emotional intelligence is: employees in an organization are able to work in groups or teams; they are able to adjust to changes which occur and are also flexible (Helfenstein et al., 2014, p. 20 ). I have learned that emotional intelligence helps an employee understands her self-awareness which enables her to understand her weaknesses, strengths and the ways in which her actions and emotions may affect others in the organization. For example, organizations have a forum where employees are able to test their emotional intelligence and educate them on ways in which their emotions can affect others in the organization. Conclusion In conclusion, I have learned something new by looking at the importance of various areas of business. I have learned the importance of effective managers, global readiness index, managerial assistance, time management profile and emotional intelligence. References Grbz, S., ?ahin, F. and Kksal, O. (2014) Revisiting of Theory X and Y, Management Decision, 52(10), pp. 18881906. doi: 10.1108/MD-06-2013-0357. Helfenstein, S., Kaikova, O., Khriyenko, O. and Terziyan, V. (2014) Emotional business intelligence, in Proceedings - 2014 7th International Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI 2014, pp. 1421. doi: 10.1109/HSI.2014.6860441. Parasuraman, A. and Colby, C. L. (2015) An Updated and Streamlined Technology Readiness Index: TRI 2.0, Journal of service research, 18(1), pp. 5974. doi: 10.1177/1094670514539730.